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Oral administration takes 10 minutes, and extremely obsessive examinee may require 15 minutes.
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The BHS requires between 5 and 10 minutes to complete when self administered. The testing environment in which the BHS administered must provide sufficient illumination for the reading and be quite enough to allow the patient to concentrate. There’s no use in really trying to get anything I want I can look forward to more good than bad times.FĢ0. The future seems vague and uncertain to me. It’s very unlucky that I will get any real satisfaction in theġ8. I never get what I want, so it’s foolish to want anything. Things just don’t work out the way I want them to. When I look ahead to the future, I expect that I will beġ4. I don’t expect to get what I really want. All I can see ahead of me is unpleasantness rather than pleasantness. My past experiences have prepared me well for the future. I juast can’t get the breaks, and there’s no reason I will in future. Of the good things in life than the average person. I happen to be particularly lucky, and I expect to get more In the future, I expect to succeed in what concern me most.
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I have enough time to accomplish the things I want to do FĦ. I can’t imagine that my life would be like in 10 years. When things are going badly, I mheleped by knowing FĤ. I mihgt as well as give up because there is nothing I can do Tģ. I look forward to the future with hope and enthusiasm. In addition, BHS can be filled in and evaluated in a very short time making rapid assessment of suicide risk.ġ. It has also been validated in previous studies as a measure of suicidality. BHS is the most well-known scale on hopelessness several studies support its validity and reliability. According to extensive literature data (Kuyken, 2004 Williams, Crane, Barnhofer, & Duggan 2005) hopelessness is a modifiable risk factor that can be diminished by proper psychotherapeutic interventions. Thus, hopelessness, depression and suicide risk are closely related and assessing hopelessness is an important and essential part of suicide prevention. Aanalyzing the relationship between hopelessness and suicide attempts, individuals with suicide attempt within one year scored the highest versus those with an earlier attempt. It was found that the presence and duration of suicidal ideation was predicted prospectively by hopelessness and rumination. A recent follow-up research focused on predictors of attempted suicide such as dysfunctional attitudes, hopelessness, rumination and negative cognitive styles (Smith, Alloy, & Abramson, 2006). Another follow-up study has also found a high predictive power of BHS (Beevers& Miller, 2004). According to their results hopelessness was an independent risk factor for completed and attempted suicide and suicide ideation. Predictive validity of the BHS was also examined using a longitudinal study design (13-year follow-up) with a community sample of more than 3000 participants (Tanaka, Sakamoto, Ono, Fujihara, & Kitamura, 1998). The BHS proved to be a reliable and valid measure in the Turkish sample according to their results. Durak assessed 373 psychiatric patients and controls between age of 15 and 65. The reliability and validity of BHS was also examined by a Turkish research team in 1994 (Durak, 1994).